Last Updated: January 2026

Understanding conventional loan requirements is essential for homebuyers seeking the most popular type of mortgage in America. To qualify for a conventional loan, you'll need to meet specific eligibility requirements for credit score, income, debt-to-income ratio, and down payment.

This comprehensive guide covers every conventional loan requirement you need to know, from credit score thresholds to income documentation, so you can successfully apply for a conventional loan and buy a home.

Overview: Conventional Loan Eligibility Requirements

Conventional loans aren't insured by the government, so lenders have specific requirements to minimize risk. To qualify for a conventional loan, lenders evaluate four key areas:

1. Credit History, Your credit score and payment track record
2. Capacity, Your ability to repay based on income and DTI
3. Capital, Your assets, down payment, and reserves
4. Collateral, The property's value and condition

Meeting these conventional loan eligibility requirements helps you get a conventional mortgage loan with competitive mortgage rates. Understanding these requirements for a conventional loan is essential before you apply for a conventional loan.

Credit Score Requirements

Your credit score is the most important factor for conventional loan eligibility and determines your interest rate.

Minimum Credit Score for a Conventional Loan

You need a credit score of at least 620 to qualify for most conventional loans. However, to get the best mortgage rates, aim for a score of at least 740.

How Credit Score Affects Your Interest Rate

The difference between a 620 and 760 credit score can mean 0.75-1.5% higher interest rates:

Example: $400,000 conventional loan, 30-year term

A higher credit score can save over $120,000 over the life of the loan.

Income and Employment Requirements

Conventional loans require stable, verifiable income to demonstrate your ability to repay the mortgage loan.

Employment History Requirements

Standard Requirements:

• Two years of continuous employment
• Stable or increasing income
• No unexplained employment gaps

Documentation for W-2 Employees:

• Most recent 30 days of pay stubs
• W-2 forms for the past two years
• Employer verification letter

Documentation for Self-Employed Borrowers:

• Two years of personal tax returns
• Two years of business tax returns
• Year-to-date profit and loss statement
• Business license verification

Debt-to-Income Ratio (DTI) Requirements

Your DTI measures total monthly debt payments against gross monthly income.

DTI Limits for Conventional Loans

Front-End Ratio (Housing Expenses)

• Maximum: 28-31%
• Includes: Principal, interest, taxes, insurance, HOA, PMI

Back-End Ratio (Total Debt)

• Standard Maximum: 36-43%
• With Compensating Factors: Up to 45-50%

How to Calculate Your DTI

Formula: Total Monthly Debts ÷ Gross Monthly Income = DTI

Example:

• Gross Monthly Income: $10,000
• Proposed Mortgage Payment: $2,500
• Auto Loan: $400
• Student Loans: $300
• Credit Card Minimums: $200
• Total Debt: $3,400
• Back-End DTI: 34%

Down Payment Requirements

The minimum down payment for a conventional loan depends on your buyer status and loan program.

Minimum Down Payment by Situation

Asset and Reserve Requirements

Lenders verify you have sufficient assets beyond the down payment.

Reserve Requirements

Acceptable Reserve Sources

• Liquid Assets (100% value): Checking, savings, money market
• Retirement Accounts (60-70% of vested value): 401(k), IRA
• Investment Accounts: Stocks, bonds, mutual funds

Conventional Loan Limits

Conforming conventional loans must meet loan limits set by the Federal Housing Finance Agency.

2026 Conventional Loan Limits

Loans exceeding these limits are jumbo loans with stricter requirements.

Types of Conventional Loans and Their Requirements

Different conventional loan programs have varying eligibility requirements.

Conventional 97

• 3% minimum down payment
• First-time homebuyer (at least one borrower)
• Homebuyer education required
• 620 minimum credit score
• Primary residence only

HomeReady (Fannie Mae)

• 3% minimum down payment
• Income ≤80% of Area Median Income
• 620 minimum credit score
• Reduced PMI rates
• Non-borrower household income allowed

Home Possible (Freddie Mac)

• 3% minimum down payment
• Income ≤80% of AMI
• 620 minimum credit score
• Sweat equity allowed for down payment
• 1-4 unit properties eligible

Benefits of a Conventional Home Loan

Conventional loans offer several advantages over government-backed loans like FHA:

• Removable PMI: Unlike FHA mortgage insurance premium that lasts the life of the loan
• Higher Loan Limits: Conforming conventional loans offer more purchasing power
• Investment Properties: Lenders offer conventional loans for rental properties
• No Upfront Insurance Premium: Unlike FHA's 1.75% upfront MIP
• Flexible Terms: Various loan options from fixed-rate loan to adjustable-rate
• Types of Conventional Loans: HomeReady, Home Possible, Conventional 97, and standard options

Many lenders offer conventional loans because they can sell conforming conventional loans to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. This makes conventional mortgage rates competitive for qualified borrowers.

How to Apply for a Conventional Loan

Step 1: Check Your Eligibility

• Review credit score (need at least 620)
• Calculate DTI (aim for under 43%)
• Verify employment history (2+ years)
• Confirm down payment sources

Step 2: Gather Documentation

Income:

• Pay stubs (30 days)
• W-2s (2 years)
• Tax returns (2 years)

Assets:

• Bank statements (2 months)
• Investment account statements
• Gift letters (if applicable)

Step 3: Get Pre-Approved

Submit your application to multiple lenders to compare conventional mortgage rates and fees.

Conventional Loan Requirements FAQs

What are the qualifications for a conventional loan?

To qualify for a conventional loan, you need: a credit score of at least 620 (740+ for best rates), 3-5% minimum down payment, DTI ratio under 43-45%, two years of stable employment, and documented income and assets. Meeting these conventional loan requirements helps you get approved for a conventional mortgage loan.

Do you have to put 20% down on a conventional loan?

No, conventional loans don't require 20% down. First-time homebuyers can get a conventional loan with as little as 3% down using Conventional 97, HomeReady, or Home Possible programs. However, down payments under 20% require private mortgage insurance (PMI) until you reach 20% equity.

What credit score do I need for a conventional loan?

You need a credit score of at least 620 for most conventional loans. However, lenders offer conventional loans with better rates to borrowers with higher scores: 680+ for good rates, 720+ for very good rates, and 740+ for the best rates. Some lenders require a minimum credit score of 640 or higher.

Summary: Conventional Loan Requirements Checklist

Here's a quick summary of what you need to qualify for a conventional loan:

Credit Requirements:

• ☐ Credit score of at least 620 (740+ for best rates)
• ☐ Clean credit report with no recent major negative events
• ☐ Credit utilization below 30%

Income Requirements:

• ☐ Two years of stable employment history
• ☐ Verifiable income through pay stubs, W-2s, and tax returns
• ☐ DTI ratio below 43-45%

Down Payment Requirements:

• ☐ Minimum 3% (first-time buyers) or 5% (repeat buyers)
• ☐ Documented source of funds
• ☐ Gift letter if using gift funds

Asset Requirements:

• ☐ 60 days of bank statements
• ☐ Sufficient reserves (0-6 months PITI depending on property type)
• ☐ Documentation of all assets

Property Requirements:

• ☐ Acceptable property type (single-family, condo, townhouse, 2-4 unit)
• ☐ Appraisal confirming value
• ☐ Loan amount within conforming limits

Meeting these conventional loan requirements qualifies you for a conforming conventional loan from lenders who offer conventional loans with competitive rates.